I do not understand this supposed "problem".
If you want to see the constraints for a part, just right click the part IN THE MODEL, and select "show part in explorer", which will highlight THAT particular instance among your 377 instances in the model.
The only problem is that if that is in a subassembly, you will have to edit it separately to fix whatever you want to fix. So use "edit here".
I still think this sounds like a request for mind reading. Or a magic wand to wave over the model.
You DO have eventually to pick a specific part to edit, Not sure how the program can help with that. And in the picking process, you will have to do SOME sort of "click to select".
You can run the cursor over the constraint tree, and see the affected part faces highlighted.
Or you can select the part, and go look at the constraints, if you are not sure which part of the tree applies.
But SOMEHOW you must select a part. And they each DO have unique names. Calling it a bolt instead of a 123-67507-A does not make a lot of difference, as there are many of them, regardless of name.
I suppose f you called it a "waterpump mounting bolt", and called others of the same type "tension bearing mounting bolt", etc, you might be better off, but you have that ability now.
Oh, yes.... if you have so many constraints that it takes scrolling for days to find the right one, then the model at that level is probably too complex. Use more subassemblies.